Kate Chopins Desirees Baby - The Formalistic Approach...

The Formalistic Approach to Desirees Baby Kate Chopins narrative of Desirees Daughter created a sense of ambiguity among the reader until the last few sentences of the story. However, the Formalistic Approach to Literature helps one to review the texts and notice countless relationships between the detailed components and conclusion of the story. These elements draw clues and foreshadow the events that happen throughout the duration and climax of the narrative. Close reading will help one to depict the devices used to help carry the audience through the plot and suggest the resolution. Some of the most prominent devices used by Chopin are word choice, reference, and repetition. Each of these†¦show more content†¦That sudden change from the repetition of soft subtle colors to a term that in its context has a more bold sound triggers the listeners ears. That phrase stands out and resounds in the reader’s subconscious throughout the entire plot. When Madame Valmonde reached L’Abri, she shuddred at the sight of the child â€Å"as she always did.† Foreshadow that the child had the most significance in the story was evident through this as well as the title. Furthermore, not only was Madame Valmonde puzzled by the sight of the child, so was nurse Zandrine as she turned her face to gaze across the fields to avoid the responsive look toward her on Madame Valmonde’s face after she scanned the baby. The story emphasizes the fright, sadness, and bafflement among the women concerning the child. Madame Valmonde insists that â€Å"this is not the baby† and after Desiree’s explanation admits that it indeed â€Å"has changed.† Regardless, Desiree is so overjoyed with the happiness of her husband and how he’s changed positively because of his new son that she for some dissonant reason feels fearful just as well. Within a few paragraphs, Chopin expressed tension and awe that hinted toward how the baby would serve in the story. One of allusions in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† was the idea of abandonment. Not only

Manchester Dbq Free Essays

Manchester was the center of manufacturing leading in textile and mechanized industrializations. By this happening the population in Manchester, England grew by having 282,000 more people coming in just 100 years. Issues with such a large population and manufacturing growth were filthy facilities, strained labor, and deprived the happiness of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Manchester Dbq or any similar topic only for you Order Now The factories were not ideal working conditions. Edwin Chadwick described the factories â€Å"†¦ atmospheric impurities produced by decomposing animal and vegetable substances, by damp and filth, and close and over crowded dwellings. This made the adult population short-lived, reckless and intemperate† (Doc 6). With these working conditions men were not in the greatest health. Wheelan and Company on the other hand think that Manchester has remarkable features and are the workshop of the world (Doc 9). Since they are a business company all they care about is the money they are making off of it and they do not care about human welfare. This is best put by Flora Tristan she wrote, â€Å"If you visit a factory, it is easy to see that the comfort and welfare of the workers have never entered the builders head† (Doc 7). Alexis de Tocqueville a French visitor said the civilized man is turned back into a savage (Doc 5). Since he is a visitor to the country he will say whatever he wants or thinks about the situation and it will not affect him. With these examples it shows that the grimy factories were not good working conditions. The increasing number of factories meant that more and more workers needed to work and all of the factories. Robert Southey an English Romantic poet wrote â€Å"where you hear from within the everlasting din of machinery, when the bell rings it is to call the wretches to their work instead of their prayers. † He also talks about the â€Å"frequent buildings among them as large as convents without their beauty†(Doc 2). Since he is a romantic poet he will not like the changes that the machines have taken on the beauty of the city and the holiness of the people. Manchester’s people did not like what they were doing but the government thought that this was just a glorious thing happening. Thomas B. Macaulay a Member of Parliament wrote that this was helping everyone being better fed, lodged, clothed and attended in sickness (Doc 3). He likes machinery because he does not have to work the long hours in the factories and gets the products that are coming from them. He does not comprehend the long strained laboring that it took to make the products. This major issue was not fully understood by the government because they just see the products and the money they are making. They do not know what the people are doing to make that happen. The industrial revolution hit Manchester, England and it caught on quickly and it became a leading manufacturing producer in the world but it came with a price. Issues with such a large population and manufacturing growth were filthy facilities, strained labor, and deprived the happiness of life. These results changed the way industries forever. How to cite Manchester Dbq, Essay examples

A Hope In The Unseen Essay Research free essay sample

A Hope In The Unseen Essay, Research Paper In this Story A Hope in the Unseen we see a immature adult male that has great trade of potency, that is stuck inside a school where it is difficult for him to progress every bit far as a normal pupil in normal fortunes would. Our chief character, Cedric, is invariably put up against odds that are against him, yet he strives to accomplish so much in his life. We watch him in this book go through many victories and failures that most of us would neer conceive of holding to cover with in our ain lives. Cedric chief protagonist throughout his life is his female parent Barbara. She is a really spiritual and caring female parent that has besides had many adversities in her life, including the birth of Cedric due to the fact that Cedric s father wanted her to hold an abortion. We will write a custom essay sample on A Hope In The Unseen Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is the individual that ever helps Cedric to happen the way he needs to be on when Cedric himself lost his manner. Another big protagonist early on in this book was Cedric s scientific discipline teacher Mr. Taylor. Mr. Taylor realized the great possible Cedric had academically, but he besides knew that Cedric often set his ends excessively high for even himself. Mr. Taylor besides encouraged Cedric s turning cognition by supplementing Cedric with after school undertakings and challenges. When Cedric is accepted into the MITES plan at MIT after he applied and prayed that he would acquire in, he put all his focal point and hopes in the fact that MIT was the school for him. After acquiring to MIT and recognizing the great trouble and dispute it presented him, he rapidly became demoralized and decided that he did non in fact want to go to MIT. After he returned to Washington D.C. after his MIT visit, Justice Clarence Thomas asked to hold a meeting with Cedric in order to discourse his ends. Justice Thomas was really straightforward with Cedric and told him how he felt about Cedric s picks sing colleges, although some of what Justice Thomas told Cedric was non what Cedric wanted to hear. Once Cedric choose to go to Brown University he became disquieted that people would believe less of him because of his hapless life style. Because of these experiencing Cedric asks his female parent if she would mind leasing an Infinity Q45 to take Cedric to school in to impres s the people at that place. We find Cedric to hold many jobs with visual aspect and racial issues in this book, particularly when he gets to Brown. Cedric frequently will fault jobs he has with others on the fact that they are white or did non turn up with his background, which limits him to the figure of people he can speak to and be friends with. Cedric frequently has jobs with his roomie Ben. Most of the jobs they have are non based on race but Cedric finally tries to turn their statements into a racial conflict. I believe the ground for this is Cedric s deficiency of privateness in college, compared to holding his ain room at his place in Washington D.C. After viing with his racial conflicts in college for several months he decided to compose a verse form in which he described how he felt and how he wished to alter. By composing this verse form he was able to rekindle his dwindling relationships with many people, including a miss named Chiniqua. She was a nice miss that Cedric found rather attractive, and one time Cedric got up the bravery to inquire her out on a day of the month she accepted. This was one of the points in the book where I felt I could associate to Cedric, because all cats have butterflies in their tummies on a first day of the month. After acquiring through a full twelvemonth at Brown Cedric returned place to his female parent and found there to be many jobs at place he was incognizant of. His female parent had allowed herself to travel about 3000 dollars in debt and she neer told Cedric about it. Cedric felt awful about this because he spent some of the money his female parent sent him on frivolous points he did non needfully necessitate. Another adversity for Cedric when he got place was seeking to originate some sort of a relationship with his male parent. I believe this book to be a reasonably interesting book and would likely urge it to a friend to read. The lone thing I disliked about the book was my deficiency of apprehension of Cedric s place. I have neer been in a hapless household nor have I of all time had to worry about fiscal net incomes, and due to that I can non conceive of life in a life where all the money you had came from such a little income. I do believe that the writer did portray the difficult and hard environment that Cedric grew up in with really good item.

Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey By William Wordsworth E

Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey by William Wordsworth William Wordsworth is commonly regarded as the vanguard poet of the Romantic movement in British literature. The son of a wealthy Cumberland attorney, his birth followed the dawn of the English Industrial Revolution. Afforded an education not uncommon of the British bourgeoisie, Wordsworth attended St. Johns College, Cambridge, studying literature and rhetoric, prior to the advent of the French Revolution. Having fallen prey to his keen interest in the excitement of French revolutionary ideology, Wordsworth spent the next several years in France with his lover, Annette Vallon. He was heavily influenced by the works of the French revolutionaries and was impressed with an intense desire to bring similar power and fervor to his own work. A pioneer of free verse, Wordsworth sought to cast off all literary convention, expressing often controversial political and religious opinions through his simply-written poetry and prose. Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads became the consummate expression of the authors vibrant and effulgent new style. Wordsworths most famous poem, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey was included as the last item in his collection of Lyrical Ballads. The poem expresses the authors nearly pantheistic love of nature and his longing for humanitys eventual reunification with the natural world. As Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey opens, we are met the narrator, standing pensively on the Banks of the Wye river, revisited after five years absence. He is lost in the bitter-sweet recollection of the bygone days of his youth, spent frolicking along its shores. He describes a sacred place, a refuge from the storms of the outside world. He speaks almost reverently of the scenes magnanimity and the thought of introspection that it inspires, explaining, . . .Once again/ Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs,/That on a wild secluded scene impress/ Thoughts of more deep seclusion (552, l. 5-8). Wordsworths veneration of nature was typical of the Romantic lyricists, who often practiced forms of pantheism and mysticism, seeking transcendence through natural awareness. Early in the poem, the author focus resides upon the physical and aethetic pleasures that surround. He is seduced by the beauteous, lush, green forms that beset him.

Evolution of the American Television Family essays

Evolution of the American Television Family essays Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of societys view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by network television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience. The Goldbergs, which was originally a radio show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a small apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and humorous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic familys status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that led TV executives to seriously challenge the shows impending success was the use of Lucille Balls real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The mixed-marriage status was a questionable concept that worried the administrators. The situation prevailed; its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950s household comed...

A Plan for Preparing for a Test in Four Weeks

A Plan for Preparing for a Test in Four Weeks If youre preparing for a test thats one month away, it must a big one. Like the SAT or GRE or GMAT or something. Listen. You dont have too much time, but thank goodness youre preparing for a test one month in advance and didnt wait until you only had a few weeks or even days. If youre preparing for a test of this kind of magnitude, read on for a study schedule to help you get a good score on your test. Week 1 Make sure youve registered for your exam! Really. Some people dont realize they have to do this step.  Buy a test prep book, and make sure its a good one. Go for the big names: Kaplan, Princeton Review, Barrons, McGraw-Hill. Better yet? Buy one from the maker of the test.  Review the test basics: whats on the test, length, price, test dates, registration facts, testing strategies, etc.Get a baseline score. Take one of the full-length practice tests inside the book to see what score youd get if you took the test today.Map out your time with a time management chart to see where test prep can fit in. Rearrange your schedule if necessary to accommodate test prep.Review online courses, tutoring programs, and in-person classes if you think that studying on your own will not be ideal! Choose and purchase it, today. Like right now. Week 2 Begin coursework with your weakest subject (#1) as demonstrated by the test you took last week.Learn the components of #1  fully: the types of questions asked, amount of time needed, skills required, methods of solving types of questions, knowledge tested. Acquire the knowledge necessary for this section by searching on the Internet, going through old textbooks, reading articles and more.Answer #1 practice questions, reviewing answers after each one. Determine where youre making mistakes and correct your methods.  Take a practice test on #1 to determine the level of improvement from baseline score. You can find practice tests in the book or online many places, as well.  Fine tune #1 by going over questions missed to determine what level of knowledge youre missing. Reread information until you know it! Week 3 Move on to next weakest subject (#2). Learn the components of #2 fully: types of questions asked, amount of time needed, skills required, methods of solving types of questions, etc.Answer #2 practice questions, reviewing answers after each one. Determine where youre making mistakes and correct your methods.Take a practice test on #2 to determine the level of improvement from baseline.Move on to strongest subject/s (#3). Learn the components of #3 fully (and 4 and 5 if you have more than three sections on the test) (types of questions asked, amount of time needed, skills required, methods of solving types of questions, etc.)Answer practice questions on #3 (4 and 5). These are your strongest subjects, so youll need less time to focus on them.Take a practice test on #3 (4 and 5) to determine the level of improvement from baseline. Week 4 Take a full-length practice test, simulating the testing environment as much as possible with time constraints, desk, limited breaks, etc.Grade your practice test and cross-check every wrong answer with the explanation for your wrong answer. Determine what youve missed and what you need to do to improve.Take one more full-length practice test. After testing, figure out why youre missing what you’re missing and correct your mistakes before test day!Eat some brain food – studies prove that if you take care of your body, you’ll test smarter!Get plenty of sleep this week.Plan a fun evening the night before the exam to reduce your stress, but not too  fun. You want to get plenty of sleep!Pack your testing supplies the night before: an approved calculator if youre allowed to have one, sharpened #2 pencils with a soft eraser, registration ticket, photo ID, watch, snacks or drinks for breaks.Relax. You did it! You studied successfully for your test, and youre as ready as youre going to be! Dont forget these  five things to do on the day of the test!

Atypical Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Atypical Development - Essay Example Those children suffering from ADD or ADHD are in most case disruptive in the classroom, while, at the same time displaying behavior problems, which are capable of making the school experience hard for everyone concerned (Turner, 2003). Nonetheless, there is a high possibility of effectively controlling and managing these disorders’ symptoms with appropriate treatment. On the other hand, Conduct Disorder varies from both ADD and ADHD since the patterns of behaviors observed happen to be more deviant, as well as antisocial in nature while having high degrees of aggression, as well as delinquent acts. The treatment for these disorders comprises of drug therapy, together with behavior modification therapies with drug therapy for ADD and ADHD including drugs such as Modafinil and Ritalin. Conversely, the best way of treating Conduct Disorder entails treating individual symptoms, as well as sub-disorders while finding proper disciplinary actions, which encourage prosocial behavior s o as to redirect negative behavior into prosocial behavior. The second category of problems is the internalized problems, which happen when the child concentrates their deviant behaviors onto their self. Issues connected to this problem genre comprise of eating disorders, adolescent suicide and depression. In this case, the child has depression which has an impact on the developing child through impacting their capability of performing their day to day tasks, by holding their energy level, as well as through their chronic sad mood. In treating depression, various forms of treatment is applicable; in some cases, it is helpful to apply light or color therapy and in other cases whereby the depression has a connection to seasonal mood swings (Halla-Poe, 2003). There are instances like in this scenario, whereby psychological counseling tends to be

Discuss and critically analyse the perceptual factors that affect Essay

Discuss and critically analyse the perceptual factors that affect consumer decision making in 2010 - Essay Example December 9, 2006. April 4, 2011. 12 Beneke, Justin. Consumer perceptions of private label brands within the retail grocery sector of South Africa. African Journal of Business Management. 4.2. pp. 203-220.February, 2010. April 2, 2011 12 ConsumerReports.org. Chevrolet, Ford, and Subaru jump in brand perception Toyota is tops, according to new Consumer Reports survey. 2010. April 2,2011. 12 Introduction The different companies spread along a global scale are endeavoring to tap newer markets and gain large number of customers through the marketing of products and services on the online sphere. In fact, the development of the internet environment has helped in governing the purchase decisions of the consumers to a large extent. The development of marketing activities online has helped the consumers to gain access to a larger number of options for products and services from large number of companies. Moreover the customer also can conduct feasible product and service searches based on pri ce and quality parameters through the online environment which gives them a better edge in taking effective marketing decisions. The online marketing of goods and services conducted through the creation of attractive websites excites both the sight and sound stimulus of the consumers and compels them to go for the product. Websites are designed by the companies through the incorporation of multimedia textures like strong visual imagery and textual patterns along with superb sound effects. These factors help the companies in stealing the minds of the consumers easily and in compelling them to make the needed purchase. However considerable amount of research has confirmed that consumers tend to conduct purchases more effectively in a physical sphere than depending on the online environment. Thus companies tend to selectively represent some specific products in the online sphere while representing a plethora of different varieties in the retail outlets. (Chen & Quin, 122-123). Growth i n the Sales of Electronic Books An article published in the New York Times by Julie Bosman during 4th February, 2011 reflects the growth of sales of books in the online market during 2010. This also reflects the change in tastes of consumers which has again shifted to the literary end as a means of entertainment. The consumers reflect a shift of entertainment interest from viewing televisions to reading books. Surveys conducted shows that books which have mainly countered an increase in the digital sphere mainly belong to the category of children fictions. However certain publishers like Harper Collins also reported that books belonging to the adult fiction category also have sold like hot cakes. This rise in the online sales of the fiction books mainly started during the period of holidays where in the previous days the consumers were mainly stuck in the television front. The availability of large number of titles in the electronic

The character of Macbeth throughout the play Essay Example for Free

The character of Macbeth throughout the play Essay Macbeth is one of Shakespeares four great tragedies, which contain witchcraft, treason, and bloody murder. In the following essay, I will be writing about the way I feel towards the character of Macbeth throughout the play and the way in which he changes. Does Shakespeare present him in such a way that we can to some extent understand, even feel for this disloyal, self seeking murderer or can we relate to Malcolms description of him as the dead butcher? Our views on Macbeth change throughout the play because Shakespeare portrays him in many different ways. At the beginning of the play he is seen as a brave soldier, at the top of his profession and rewarded by King Duncan of Scotland. He is spoken about as Brave Macbeth and Worthy gentlemen after his heroism in battle, only to later become cruel and unjust. He had defeated the Norwegians and on his way home meets three witches. The audience in Shakespeares time believed in witches and their sinister side, leaving the audience sceptical when Macbeth communicates with them, leading us to believe he is connected with evil. The witches then give Macbeth three predictions: All hail Macbeth! Hail to the thane of Glamis! All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter. Macbeth is already thane of Glamis but chooses not to believe the witches because he feels that the Thane of Cawdor is alive. Soon after some messengers come and deliver, the news to Macbeth that he has been granted the thaneship of due to a treasonous crime committed on the Thane of Cawdors behalf. Macbeth starts to believe that a third prediction is likely to occur, given that the first two appear to have. Two truths are told, as the happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme. Macbeths fatal flaw of ambition then overcomes him and he begins to contemplate regicide which, he feels is the only way of becoming King, My thought, whose murder is yet but fantastical. The attitude of the audience changes completely, however, the next time Macbeth meets up with the witches. Sympathy cannot be felt for Macbeth, as it is he who goes to the witches, not the contrary. At this stage, we cannot help but speculate concerning Macbeths apparent involvement with the evil forces, suggesting that he may have some evil present in him. One of the witches confirms this when admitting, Something wicked this way comes. Macbeth turns to the witches because of his insecurity. He is the subject of growing suspicion among many people, despite obtaining his ambition of kingship. On the contrary, he was enlightened when first meeting the witches that Banquos sons would be kings. This implies that children will be unable to follow Macbeth in the line of royalty and intrinsically apprehends Macbeth. In an attempt to find out how to keep his throne, Macbeth confronts the witches about his future. He is consequently granted three apparitions: Beware Macduff, None of woman born shall harm Macbeth. Moreover, Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill shall come against him. These apparitions are all ambiguous, deliberately intended to mystify Macbeth and the audience. Why does Macbeth have to be cautious of Macduff? If no born son of a woman can harm Macbeth then who can? It is possible for a wood to move of its own accord so did Macbeth have nothing to fear? The ambiguousness of these apparitions and the manner in which Macbeth interprets them makes Macbeth over confident with regards to his safety because we later learn in the play that Macduff was not born of woman but of caesarean. We also learn that Macduff and Malcolms army cut down Birnam Wood and uses it as camouflage to get closer to Macbeths fortress without him seeing them. With the information they feed him with, the witches offer a hand of encouragement for Macbeths decisions (e.g. he kills Banquo because the witches say that Banquos sons will be kings) but are never responsible for what Macbeth does. They simply put ideas into his head, acting as a catalyst for his actions. The main influence on Macbeth, however, is his wife, Lady Macbeth, portrayed as a manipulative and domineering power. When Lady Macbeth hears about the predictions of the witches she immediately ponders murdering king Duncan. She realises, however, that although Macbeth is very ambitious, Thou art not without ambition, he is too compassionate to carry out the murder, I fear thy nature, is too full o th milk of human kindness. Lady Macbeth therefor formulates a plan. Lady Macbeth honours and loves her husband very much. She also conscious of her husbands reluctance to be thought of as a coward and when refusing to go ahead with murdering the king We will proceed no further in this business, uses the weakness to insult his manliness Was the hope drunk Wherein you dressed yourself? She therefor manipulates him into agreeing to commit the regicide. At this point in the play, we feel some compassion towards Macbeth, as he is weak in resisting his wifes ever growing influence. We become wary of the responsibility Lady Macbeth has on her husbands change of heart. Interesting to note, also, that at Shakespears time the husband would have been the dominant partner, and therefor the audience would have been cynical towards Lady Macbeth for her scheming ways and rare ability of being authoritative over her husband. In the scene just before Macbeth goes to kill Duncan he initially decides himself in his soliloquy to murder Duncan, despite the profound reasons not to. Macbeth appreciates Duncans fine qualities- his humility and his integrity in carrying out to perfection the tasks of kingship and knows that to destroy such virtue would be a crime against heaven. This leaves the audience divided in their opinions concerning Lady Macbeths influence on the plot. At this stage, I remain indefinite as to whether Macbeth really is the ruthless party in the murder or whether his wifes influence is the decisive passage. Lady Macbeths moral conscience is not as evident as her husbands. She is now the stronger of the two, and Macbeth cannot stand up to her accusations that he is a coward, lacking in manliness, and a traitor to his word. He yields to her, and in order to prove himself a man in his eyes submits to a womans guidance. Despite this, the couple has an affectionate relationship My dearest Love. Eventually the only loyalty that Lady Macbeth and have is their loyalty for each other. Disloyalty is shown when Macbeth murders the king just to make sure he keeps the throne. Unreasonable ambition takes over, with the consequence of loosing the things that were once important to the both of them. Lady Macbeth not only influences Macbeth on the murder of King Duncan but Macbeth also advances in killing his dearest friend Banquo and the wife and children of Macduff. When hearing of these unruly murders and realising that her husband is behind them she is driven insane by the sheer grotesqueness of them, The thane of Fire had a wife; where is she now? before her eventual act of suicide. Although not greatly evident King Duncan himself is a significant influence on Macbeth. Duncan is a very bad judge of character. He trusted the Thane of Cawdor He was a gentleman on whom I built absolute trust. However, The Thane of Cawdor turned out to be a traitorous villain. Duncan then gives Macbeth the thaneship of Cawdor. This is Dramatic irony as he is giving Macbeth the title of a traitor. This is also the wrong step because it raises Macbeth above all the other lords. Duncan praises Macbeth for his bravery at war, consequently making the other lords envious of Macbeth, and raising Macbeths ego. These three influences, the witches, Lady Macbeth and Duncan contribute significantly to Macbeths change in character throughout the play. The story unfolds as follows: The first time we hear about Macbeth is when the witches mention his name. This would make the audience feel uneasy and they would wonder why Macbeth is associated with evil. Their minds are then put at rest when the captain refers to him as Brave Macbeth. Macbeth is portrayed as a hero. He defeats the Norwegians and is rewarded with the thaneship of Cawdor so the audience admires him. They think that he is a loyal and worthy subject to the king. Then the witches meet with Macbeth; the audience would begin to have doubts about his loyalty when he starts contemplating about murdering the king. Macbeth then admits If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, without my stir. This emphasises that he is still unsure about having to murder King Duncan and at this point feels that if the witches have predicted it then fate will make him king without him having to do anything. King Duncan then names his son Malcolm as heir with Macbeth realising that he cannot become king unless he does something about it, That is a step On which I must fall down, or else oer-leap. Macbeth thinks a great deal about murdering the king and reasons for it and in his soliloquies the audience would see his thoughts and begin to feel sorry for him because his ambition is so strong that it is having a psychological effect on him. Nevertheless, in the end, despite the many doubts ultimately decides himself to kill Duncan. The audience can no longer feel sympathy for his actions because the decision to kill the king is his own; they would feel horror and dissatisfaction because of what he has done. During the time that Shakespeare was alive and Macbeth was first shown on stage people thought that regicide was a horrific crime and he who commits it, was eternally damned to hell. After Macbeth kills Duncan, he meets with Lady Macbeth. This scene (act 2 scene 2) is the plays most tense and dramatic. At the beginning, we see Lady Macbeth by herself in an agitated state. Every small noise unsettles her Hark! When Macbeth intrudes the pace changes, with the distinct exchange of questions and answers between them. This emphasises their state of nerves. We get an insight into Lady Macbeths character and the part she has played in the murder and also a little hint of weakness on her behalf when discovering that she went to kill Duncan but couldnt because he reminded her of her father, Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. We hear how Macbeths preoccupation with not being able to pronounce amen after hearing the prayer demonstrates his state of mind his guilt and his awareness that he has sold out to evil and the powers of darkness. Because Macbeth is so tense he forgets to leave the daggers at the murder scene and when Lady Macbeth tells him to take them back he says, I am afraid to think what I have done; Look ont again I dare not. Therefore, Lady Macbeth takes them back. When she goes to return the daggers Macbeth has a short soliloquy. This gives us an insight into his state of mind. He is full of guilt, will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hands? This means that he cannot rid of the guilt. As a knocking is heard on the castle gates, Lady Macbeth returns but her husband is already regretting what he has done saying, Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thy couldst! Duncans sons Malcolm and Donalbain then flee the country for fear that their turn to be murdered will come so Macbeth becomes king. Despite having this title he is still insecure, with the prediction from the witches of Banquos sons becoming king, Macbeth decides that he has to prevent this fate and therefor hires murderers without Lady Macbeths knowledge to kill Banquo. This shows the audience how their relationship is breaking up. We are shocked at Macbeths decision to kill Banquo because he was Banquos best friend. After Banquo is murdered Macbeth hallucinates, he sees the ghost of Banquo covered in blood sitting in his chair at a banquet. All Macbeths lords are present but they cannot see the ghost, Lady Macbeth tries to relax him when saying, you look on but a stool. She tells him that what he is seeing is merely an illusion like the air drawn dagger which led him to Duncan. This indicates that after the murders Macbeth has a guilty, unquiet mind. He fears every one and in front of all the lords, he proclaims himself unstable. To the audience it appears as if Macbeth is turning insane and they sympathise with him because he has lost every thing dear to him: his best friend, his absolute trust and loyalty to his wife and the security of lots of friends who support him. Because of this insecurity, Macbeth pays the witches a visit with them showing him the three apparitions. With theses apparitions Macbeth is re-assured, his interpretation of them leads him to think that he cannot be harmed Then live, Macduff: what need I fear of thee? Macbeth then finds out that Macduff has fled to England in an attempt to encourage Malcolm to bring an army to fight Macbeth, filling him with anger. This provokes him to get revenge on Macduff: The castles of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife, give to thedge othsword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line. This would horrify the audience; the modern day audience would be more horrified at this murder than the 17th century audience who would think that regicide is worse. The modern day audience would feel nothing but contempt for Macbeths act of slaughtering women and children. Macbeths character at this point is completely destroyed; No heroism, loyalty, or any good qualities that he once had are left. No sympathy can now be given from the audiences point of view or any other character in the play. Lady Macbeth commits suicide because of guilty conscience regarding what she has done and what Macbeth has done. Macbeth subsequently hears that Malcolm and Macduff are coming towards him with a great army, He is not too worried because of the witches apparitions and he says I will not be afraid of death and bane Till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane. Macbeth receives the news of his wifes death and through his soliloquy reveals that he cannot grieve for her, due to having his mind in the direction of battle She should have died hereafter. Only at this point does Macbeth realise that he has nothing left and all because of his over ambition. A messenger later comes and announces that Birnam wood is moving. The armies of Malcolm and Macduff have cut down the forest and used it as camouflage. Macbeth begins to lose hope and feels like they have tied him to a stake. In addition, he cannot fly. Nevertheless, he decides that he will fight on Ill fight, till from my bones my flesh be hacked. Macbeth then sets out to fight he kills a man and still holds on to the apparition from the witches that no one born of a woman shall harm him, Swords I smile at, weapons laugh to scorn, Brandished by man thats of a woman born. Macduff confronts Macbeth and Macbeth is not very fearful of him because of the witches apparition. He says to Macduff: With thy keen sword impress as make me bleed: Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crests, I bear a charmed life, which must not yield To one of woman born. Macduff then replies saying that he was not of woman born; he was from his mothers womb Untimely ripped Macbeth now knows that Macduff is going to kill him but he shows a last bit of courage and he fights on. The audience cannot feel admiration for Macbeth because of what he has done only sympathy because he has noting left, and he knows it. Macduff then kills Macbeth and hails Malcolm as King. At the end of the play, we see Macbeth a respected hero turned into a vengeful villain through unreasonable ambition, with the influences of people around him. He commits regicide, murder, and vengeful slaughter. After the murder of Duncan, Macbeth is horrified to think of what he has done. Shakespeare contrasts Macbeth and his wife in their attitudes of the murder. Lady Macbeth is bold and confident, because she does, not understand that the deed is morally wrong: he only concern is to destroy the evidence. Macbeth, on the other hand, awakens to a consciousness of guilt that will remain with him until his death. At times, Shakespeare encourages the audience to feel sympathy and understanding for Macbeth but at times all that the audience can feel for Macbeth is horror, anger, disgust, and contempt, although at the end of the play he shows tremendous character when facing certain death.

Hamlet - Intelligent , NOT Insane Essay -- William Shakespeare Hamlet

Throughout the Shakespearian play, Hamlet, the main character is given the overwhelming responsibility of avenging his father’s "foul and most unnatural murder" (I.iv.36). Such a burden can slowly drive a man off the deep end psychologically. Because of this, Hamlet’s disposition is extremely inconsistent and erratic throughout the play. At times he shows signs of uncontrollable insanity. Whenever he interacts with the characters he is wild, crazy, and plays a fool. At other times, he exemplifies intelligence and method in his madness. In instances when he is alone or with Horatio, he is civilized and sane. Hamlet goes through different stages of insanity throughout the story, but his neurotic and skeptical personality amplifies his persona of seeming insane to the other characters. Hamlet comes up with the idea to fake madness in the beginning of the play in order to confuse his enemies. However, for Hamlet to fulfill his duty of getting revenge, he must be totally sane. Hamlet’s intellectual brilliance make it seem too impossible for him to actually be mad, for to be insane means that one is irrational and without any sense. When one is irrational, one is not governed by or according to reason. So, Hamlet is only acting mad in order to plan his revenge on Claudius. In order for Hamlet to carry out his goal of revenge, he had to be totally sane. In Act I, he is warned by the ghost not to go mad and not to harm his mother. If Hamlet were truly mad, he would have done many unorthodox acts, which would only wreck his plan of getting revenge. There can be no such thing as restrained insanity. Hamlet’s sanity is displayed when he does not harm his mother. Gertrude has hurt Hamlet. She betrayed his father by having an affair with Claudius and eventually marrying him. Since Hamlet does not kill her, it shows he is in full control of his mental state and that he is not controlled by his feelings like most mad people. Another reason why Hamlet is not mad is in the way he escaped his awaited execution in England. Hamlet knew that he was to be sent to England to be killed on the orders of Claudius. But once he saw a chance of escape on the pirate ship, he took this opportunity to board the ship, which made him escape death, thus prolonging his life a little longer. If Hamlet were actually mad, it would be doubtful that he would know of Claudius’ plans,... ...nd not making any sense whatsoever. In comparison, Hamlet speaks in regular sentences, and is able to converse normally with those around him. With much thought, and careful planning, Hamlet searches for evidence to determine the truth about his father's murder. And with this in hand, he departs on a path to avenge his father that is both reasonable and rational. While Hamlet might not carry the best of luck with him throughout the play, he certainly holds onto his mental integrity and ability to reason through challenges. Hamlet feigns madness so that he will be able to successfully get revenge on Claudius. In order for his plan not to be discovered, he has to fake madness in order to throw off his enemies. For his revenge plan to be a success, Hamlet will have to be perfectly sane so that he won’t sabotage his plan in anyway, and to keep himself alive long enough to carry it out. Hamlet’s plan on proving Claudius’ guilt and whether or not the ghost is his dead father shows that Hamlet is too intelligent to be mad. If Hamlet were indeed mad, he would be too dim-witted to come up with such a clever plan. Bibliography: Shakespear, William. Hamlet. Don Mills HBJ, 1987

Healthcare Reimbursement

Phase One Individual Project Ernestine. Robles1 Colorado Technical University Online HIT201-1104B-02 Professor Sherry Miller November 21, 2011 (Microsoft Office Media, 1998) Healthcare Reimbursement Medical coding is an important process, in which descriptive information (patient medical records) is reviewed, and assigned detailed numeric, or alphanumeric diagnosis, and procedure codes’, for the purpose of reimbursing hospitals’, or physicians’ offices’, for services’ rendered (Ehow. com, 1999-2001; AHIMA. org, 2011). These codes are then translated into payment amounts, to be submitted to insurance companies’, for compensation (Ehow. om, 1999-2001). The hospitals’ and physicians’ rely on â€Å"complete coding accuracy†, or codes without â€Å"any† errors, or inadequacies (clean claims), to be submitted to insurance companies in a suitable time, in order to be processed, and reimbursed for services’ performe d (Campus. ctuonline. edu, 2001-2011). The more detailed information the coder provides, the more accurate the billing and coding will be (Campus. ctuonline. edu, 2001-2011). Accurate coding is beneficial to the financial business end of hospitals’, and physicians’ offices’ because, if the coding is not correct, insurance companies will not pay the costs for the claims’ (Ehow. om, 1999-2001; AHIMA. org, 2011). Therefore, this can result in thousands of dollars’ in loss revenue for medical organizations’. To date, there are no â€Å"National† standards to really determine medical coding productivity (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). Coding productivity is determined by each individual medical organization, establishing their own â€Å"principles of productivity†, based on record categories, such as â€Å"inpatient or outpatient status (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). According to the HCPro survey (1999-2001), twenty-nine per cent of facilities used a â€Å"three records coded per hour† system, as a â€Å"benchmark† (standard), for coding inpatient records’ (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). Furthermore, the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), established a certain amount of benchmarks, for coders to get claims in on time also (Ehow. com, 1999-2001); for inpatient charts, there was a benchmark of two to four charts per hour, and for outpatient records, standard coding time, was five to twenty records per hour, depending on the type (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). It is important coders meet the requirements, and work to minimize errors (Ehow. com, 1999-2001); the more accurate, and productive the coder is, the more the facility will be reimbursed for services rendered (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). It is crucial for coders to comply with State and Federal guidelines (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). Compliance guidelines are established in the â€Å"Internal Classification for Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) for coding and reporting, issued by the Center for Medicare, and Medicaid Services (CMS), and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)† (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). Also, assigning diagnosis and procedure codes is required under the â€Å"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA)† (Ehow. com, 1999-2001). Between the coder and the healthcare provider, it is important for both parties to work together, to â€Å"complete precise documentation, coding assignments, and reporting of diagnoses and procedures† (Compliance. uclahealth. org, n. d; Campus. ctuonline. edu, 2001-2011). There cannot be enough importance put on â€Å"accurate documentation†, because without accuracy, coding will not be successful (Compliance. uclahealth. org, n. d; Campus. ctuonline. edu, 2001-2011). In addition to this, under the â€Å"National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI), the consequences of inaccurate coding, or increased errors’, can result in criminal prosecution† (Campus. ctuonline. edu, 2001-2011). Some of the benefits of the â€Å"Outpatient Code Editor† (OCE) software, which helps maintain consistency, in processing claims for coders is, â€Å"editing claims for accuracy, assigning’ APCs, as well as assigning CMS-designated status indicators’, in addition to computing discounts, determining claim dispositions’, if packaging is appropriate, and helps’ determine payment adjustments, if necessary (Cms. ov, n. d. ). Coding references is an important tool, used to assist coders with more accurate coding by identifying minuscule differences between similar CPT codes from operative reports the first time (Medetrac. com, 2010-2012). The coding clinic is a resource newsletter that provides’ coding advice for HCPCS Leve l II coders (Casto & Layman, 2011). This newsletter is an important resource, because it â€Å"provides actual examples’, correct code assignments’ for new technologies, articles’, and a bulletin of coding changes’ and/or corrections† (Casto & Layman, 2011). The CPT assistant is a newsletter from the American Medical Association (AMA), used for coding communications, to keep coders up to date, clinical explanations’ for baffling codes, coding consultations’ to answer questions, anatomical illustrations, and information equivalent with the Federal Register (Medetrac. com, 2010-2012). Lab and drug dictionaries are used by coders to alert them to common spelling errors, pronunciations’, and words that are similar in form, and meaning (Medetrac. com, 2010-2012). Lab and drug dictionaries would eliminate errors’ coders’ could make, when two words sound the same, or have similar spelling (Medetrac. com, 2010-2012); in addition, the dictionaries would present what common abbreviations to use, and not use, in medical orders (Medetrac. com, 2010-2012). This is useful because it would eliminate primary mistakes on the reports. Medical dictionaries is a reference which list drugs, treatments, medical abbreviations, medical terms, definitions, translations, signs and symptoms of common disorders, and practical phases, used in daily communication with patients (Medetrac. com, 2010-2012). Lastly, anatomy references for coders are used to enhance, and interpret a coders understanding, of medical documentation, and correct code assignments (Codingbooks. com, 2011). After reviewing all the information gathered on the â€Å"coding reference, the coding clinic, and the CPT assistant, the lab, and drug dictionaries, the medical dictionaries, and the anatomy reference, the conclusion that has been drawn, is â€Å"all† of the references are equally important, when used together to guarantee coding accuracy for all coders. References AHIMA. org. (2011). Medical Coding. American Health Information Management Association. AHIMA. Retrieved November 17, 2011 from http://www. ahima. org/coding/ Casto, B. A. , & Layman, E. (2011). Principles of Healthcare Reimbursement. 3rd Edition. American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). Illinois: AHIMA Press. Codingbooks. com. (2011). Anatomy and terminology for eyes and bars. Anatomy and terminology for coders elearning. Course Overview. Description. Coding Store. Contexo Media. Access Intelligence, LLC. Retrieved November 21, 2011 from http://www. codingbooks. com/books/coding_reference/Anatomy-and-Terminology-for-Coders-eLearning_25. html Cms. gov. (n. d. ). Outpatient Code Editor (OCE). OCE Purpose: Purpose of the OPPS I/OCE functionality. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved November 21, 2011 from http://www. cms. gov/OutpatientCodeEdit/10_Purpose. asp#TopOfPage Colorado Technical University Online. (2011). Course materials: Healthcare reimbursements: Regulatory issues and coding compliance. HIT201-1104B-02 Phase 1 Individual Project activity: Healthcare Reimbursement [Multimedia presentation]. Retrieved from Colorado Technical University Online Virtual Campus, November 21, 2011from https://campus. ctuonline. du/Classroom/Pages/multimediacoursetext. aspx? classid=260129&tid=130&uid=251269&HeaderText=Course Materials: HIT201-1104B-02: Healthcare Reimbursement Colorado Technical University Online. (2011). Course material: Processing physician office claims. HIT201-1104B-02 Phase 1 Individual Project activity: Healthcare Reimbursement [Multimedia presentation]. Retrieved from Colorado Technical University Online Virtual Campus, November 17, 2011 from HIT201-1104B-02: https://campus. ctuonline. edu/courses/HIT201/p1/hub1/14921. pdf Compliance. uclahealth. org. (n. d. ). ICD-9-CM official guidelines for coding and reporting. Effective October 1, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2011 from http://compliance. uclahealth. org/Workfiles/PDFs/ICD_9_CM_Official_Guidelines_for_Coding_and_Reporting_Effect ive_October_1_2008. pdf Ehow. com. (1999-2001). Importance of medical coding for hospitals. Reimbursements. Written by Jacqueline Wilson, Ehow Contributor. Demand Media, Inc. Retrieved November 17, 2011 from http://www. ehow. com/facts_5918637_importance-medical-coding-hospitals. html Ehow. com. (1999-2001). Medical coding productivity standards. Productivity standards. Written by Cynthia Murphy, Ehow Contributor. Demand Media, Inc. Retrieved November 17, 2011.

Analyzing Pro forma Statements Essay

This financial analysis will define an initiative of what to implement, that would increase sales over the next five years. It can either be, another market, product, or a corporate expansion. A pro forma will be created and used for the XYZ Manufacturing Company of a five year projections. Assumptions will be made to support each line item, to increase or decrease the forecasted statements. There will also be interpretation of the financials, in relation to the initiative. Recommendations are to made on the potential discretionary financing needs. This word analysis is the company’s short term and long term financing needs, and strategies to help the company manage their working capital (University of Phoenix, 2014). Pro forma statements are created by, forecasting and combining the income and balance into a financial statement format. This will determine how the account balances are forecasted by acquiring forces that will influence and project how the accounts will be influenced. These forces are recognizable as restrictive debt agreements, sales, and company policies The following illustrations below is the Pro forma’s process for a five-year projection. This information is based on historical data collected from the sample provide (UOPX, 2014)..There is acquired information of a increase in sales new product as the result of a new product introduction also an increase in the production capacity. The increase in sales will acquire fixed assets with the excess cash (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012) Pro forma Balance Sheet for XYZ Company, INC. Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity-$559,608 $649,251 $848,766 $1,,037,172 $1,183,541 In the above balance sheet the current assets and current liabilities has increased in the ratio of sales (Parrino,Kidwell, & Bates, 2012, p90,91. 92) There is also an additional increase in the fixed assets. The company to take out an additional loan to meet the capital expansion, and the working capital needs (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012) I would recommend that the company The first step in this pro forma financial statements is the forecasting of sales. Sales always influence the current asset and current liability account balances. For example: the account receivable balances would need to become larger increased if the firm needs to carry more inventory. Through the profit margin, and the dividend payout ratio. There is much difficult in forecasting sales, but it is an essential, it only depend on the season of the year, economy and the industry There could also be many other factors as well. Reference Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. S., & Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of corporate finance (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N. J.: John Wiley & Sons. University of Phoenix material, (2013) â€Å"Analyzing Pro Forma Statements† retrieved from https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/OSIRIS:44656217/context/co/view/activityDetails/activity/53c06956-87e9-4050-8ecc-815e914705e0/expanded/False/focus-cmt/none/tab/Instructions

The Yen essays

The Yen essays The Japanese Yen has depreciated sharply through 2001against the US dollar. The currency hit its lowest level in over three years against the dollar pushing above  ¥135 in late January. Japan is a recession-hit economy suffering from weak demand, falling consumer spending and accelerating deflation. With Japan's deepening economic woes there is a bleak outlook for the strength of the Yen for 2002 and 2003. Currently Prime Minister Koizumi and the Japanese government are about to release an economic reform plan directed at Japanese bank bad loans, unemployment and monetary policy. Major Japanese banks currently have massive bad loans. Koizumi has to decide on whether public money should be used to help clean them up or leave them to themselves to put own financial houses in order. Injecting public money would help stabilize the financial institutions and financial climate in Japan. Koizumi is reluctant of this course of action because it would be unpopular with taxpayers/voters. Japan a country known for its lifetime employment system is now experiencing high unemployment rate around 5% well above the traditional rate. This issue as well is causing considerable political problems for Koizumi. This situation will not improve till the economy improves making decisions for Koizumi even more political. Since Japanese inflation fell below zero percent three years ago, increasing monetary stimulus has failed to work. The current government wants the BoJ to ease monetary policy further by increasing outright Japan Government Bonds purchases. The BoJ has already thrusted vast amounts of liquidity into the financial system with little success. The banks dont want to lend, trying to secure their reserves and only companies deep in debt want to borrow. The BoJ is now warning of the dangers of deflation and has said a weak yen alone cannot stop it. The BoJ can only stimulate demand by ensuring inflation wil...

Bronx Tale Questions

But when you do the right thing, guess what, good things happen. ***** Mickey Mantle don’t care about you, so why should you care about him? Nobody cares. ***** Trouble is like a cancer and you got to get it early. Nobody cares. Worry about yourself, your family, the people who are important. **** The people in the neighborhood who see me every day who are on my side, they feel safe because they know I’m close. That gives them more reason to love me. But the people who want to do otherwise, they think twice and that gives them more reason to fear me. It is better to loved or feared? It’s nice to be both, but it’s difficult. But if I had my choice, I’d rather be feared. Fear lasts longer than love. The trick is not to be hated. ***** I tell your son to stay in school and go to college. You don’t understand – it’s the clothes, the cars, it’s the money, it’s everything – I treat him like he’s my son. He’s not your son. He’s my son. ***** Sonny’s right. The working man is a sucker. He’s wrong. It don’t take much strength to pull a trigger but try to get up every morning day after day and work for a living. Let’s see him do that. And then we’ll see who’s the real tough guy. The working man is. Your father is the tough guy. ***** They don’t respect him; they fear him. There’s a big difference. You want to be somebody? Be somebody who works for a living and takes care of his family. The saddest thing in life is wasted talent. ***** Don’t blow it, son. These people will hurt you, son. Don’t waste your talent, son. Be careful, C. Don’t lose it, C. Keep your head, C. ***** Don’t you trust anybody? That’s a terrible way to live. For me, it’s the only way. Not for me, not for me. Bronx Tale Questions But when you do the right thing, guess what, good things happen. ***** Mickey Mantle don’t care about you, so why should you care about him? Nobody cares. ***** Trouble is like a cancer and you got to get it early. Nobody cares. Worry about yourself, your family, the people who are important. **** The people in the neighborhood who see me every day who are on my side, they feel safe because they know I’m close. That gives them more reason to love me. But the people who want to do otherwise, they think twice and that gives them more reason to fear me. It is better to loved or feared? It’s nice to be both, but it’s difficult. But if I had my choice, I’d rather be feared. Fear lasts longer than love. The trick is not to be hated. ***** I tell your son to stay in school and go to college. You don’t understand – it’s the clothes, the cars, it’s the money, it’s everything – I treat him like he’s my son. He’s not your son. He’s my son. ***** Sonny’s right. The working man is a sucker. He’s wrong. It don’t take much strength to pull a trigger but try to get up every morning day after day and work for a living. Let’s see him do that. And then we’ll see who’s the real tough guy. The working man is. Your father is the tough guy. ***** They don’t respect him; they fear him. There’s a big difference. You want to be somebody? Be somebody who works for a living and takes care of his family. The saddest thing in life is wasted talent. ***** Don’t blow it, son. These people will hurt you, son. Don’t waste your talent, son. Be careful, C. Don’t lose it, C. Keep your head, C. ***** Don’t you trust anybody? That’s a terrible way to live. For me, it’s the only way. Not for me, not for me.

Assessing the Different Types of Derivatives Essay

Assessing the Different Types of Derivatives - Essay Example The major classes of derivatives are Futures/Forwards which are contracts to buy or sell an asset at a specified future date, Optionals which are contracts that give a holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a specified future date and Swappings where the two parties agree to exchange cash flows. Derivatives are often subject to criticisms such as large losses, counter-party risk, and unsuitably high amount of risk for small or inexperienced investors, large notional value and leverage of debt in the economy. In spite of these it has huge advantages such as facilitating the buying and selling of risk thus having a positive impact on the economic system. As former Federal Reserve Board chairman Alan Greenspan commented in 2003 the use of derivatives has softened the impact of the economic downturn at the beginning of the 21st century. In this paper the pros and cons and the circumstances under which derivatives such as forward contracts, future contracts, spot contracts, call opti ons, hedging, interest rates swaps, currency swaps and credit swaps are used, are discussed.(Note: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Derivative(finance)) Forward Contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset (which can be of any kind) at a pre-agreed future point in time.As suggested by the International Journal of Sheep and Wool Science, volume 55(2007), results suggest that income stabilization and price risk management were the two major pros of the forward contract method although these were strongly overshadowed by the list of cons: pricing, complexity, dominance of the auction system and production risks. Allaz and Vila (1993) suggest that there is a strategic reason (in an imperfect competitive environment) for the existence of forward trading, that is, forward trading can be used even in a world without uncertainty In finance, a futures contract is a